Mumbo Jumbo & Postmodernism
Published in 1972, Ishmael Reed’s Mumbo Jumbo landed right at the beginning of the Postmodernism movement. Postmodernism marks a transformative period for art and culture as thinkers raised increasing skepticism towards modernism. Heavily influenced by the norms of its time, Mumbo Jumbo exemplifies postmodernist storytelling, both through its physical structure and plot. The literal structure of the Mumbo Jumbo stands against modernist novel, appearing more like a collage. Interwoven between texts, Reed includes many drawings, newspaper clippings, photos, and historical documents. While some visuals extend from the plot, such as the image of the party invitation Earline shows Papa Labas, others appear randomly juxtaposed, like the drawing of two angels by the description of the spread of Jes Grew in America (Reed 27, 15). This deliberate inclusion of unrelated visuals disrupts the reader’s sense of coherence, mirroring the postmodernist idea of rejecting linearity in modernist na...